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The kidneys remove wastes and extra water from the blood to form urine. The two most common causes of kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure. Poisons and trauma can also lead to kidney disease. Kidney diseases often cause kidneys to lose their waste filtering capacity.
The condition of total or nearly total and permanent kidney failure is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with ESRD must undergo dialysis or transplantation to stay alive.
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